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PERSEUS TUFT

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Abbreviations

  1. A agent-like argument of canonical transitive verb
  2. AB abstract
  3. ABE abessive case (AKA caritive case or privative case: 'without')
  4. ABL ablative case ('from')
  5. ABS absolutive case
  6. ACC accusative case
  7. ACCOM accompanier
  8. ACT active voice, actor role (in role and reference grammar)
  9. ADJ adjective
  10. ADE adessive case ('at'; more specific than LOC)
  11. ADM admonitive mood (warning)
  12. ADV adverb(ial), adverbial case
  13. AFF affirmative
  14. AG, AGT agentive case (cf ACT)
  15. AGR agreement
  16. ALL allative case ('to')
  17. AL, ALLOC allocutive agreement
  18. ALIEN alienable possession
  19. AN animate gender (cf R)
  20. AND andative ('going towards', cf venitive)
  21. ANT anterior tense (used for PRF in some traditions)
  22. ANTE antessive case ('before')
  23. ANTIC anticausative
  24. ANTIP, AP antipassive voice
  25. AOR aorist (= PFV or PST.PFV)
  26. APP apposition
  27. APL, APPL applicative voice
  28. APPR apprehensive mood
  29. APRX approximative
  30. ART article
  31. ASP aspect
  32. ASS associative case (= COM), assumptive mood, assertive mood
  33. AT agent trigger (= AV agent voice)
  34. ATT attenuative
  35. ATTR attributive
  36. AUD auditory evidential
  37. AUG augmentative
  38. AUX auxiliary verb
  39. B benefactive (when it is a core argument)
  40. BE 'be' verb (a conflation of EXIST and COP)
  41. BEN benefactive case ('for')
  42. C common gender; complementizer
  43. CAP (cap)ability, modal case
  44. CAU, CAUS causative
  45. CENT centric case
  46. CF counterfactual conditional
  47. CIRC circumfix
  48. CIT citation form
  49. CL, CLF classifier
  50. CMPD compound
  51. CNJ conjunction (= CONJ)
  52. CNSQ consequential mood
  53. CNTR contrastive
  54. COL collective number
  55. COM comitative case ('together with')
  56. COMP comparative; complementizer
  57. COMPL, CPL completive aspect
  58. CON concrete
  59. CONC concessive
  60. COND conditional mood
  61. CONJ conjunction (= CNJ)
  62. CONN connective particle
  63. CONT, CTN continuous aspect; continuative aspect
  64. COP copula
  65. COR coreference
  66. CRAS crastinal tense ('tomorrow')
  67. CRS current relevance marker (as in the perfect)
  68. CVB converb
  69. D core dative case
  70. DAT dative case
  71. DE different event, change of event (cf DS)
  72. DEC, DECL declarative mood
  73. DEF definite
  74. DEI, DEIX deixis, deictic
  75. DEL delayed imperative (a command to do s.t. later)
  76. DEL delative case ('off of'), deliberative mood
  77. DEM demonstrative
  78. DEO deontic mood
  79. DEP dependent (as in DEP.FUT)
  80. DER derivation, derivational
  81. DES, DESI desiderative mood
  82. DEST destinative aspect
  83. DET determiner
  84. DETR detransitive
  85. DH motion downhill, seaward (cf DR)
  86. DIM diminutive
  87. DIR direct evidential (= EXP); directional (= LAT); direct case
  88. DISJ disjunction
  89. DIST distal demonstrative
  90. DISTR distributive case
  91. DITR ditransitive
  92. DLM delimited
  93. DM discourse marker
  94. DO direct object
  95. DR motion downriver (cf DH)
  96. DS different-subject (change of subject) marker (cf DE)
  97. DU dual number
  98. DUB dubitative mood
  99. DUR durative aspect, continuous aspect
  100. DY, DYAD dyadic
  101. DYN dynamic aspect
  102. E epenthetic morpheme
  103. -E (used to form various -essive cases)
  104. ELA elative case ('out of')
  105. EMP emphatic
  106. EPIS epistemic mood or modality
  107. ERG ergative case
  108. ESS essive case
  109. EV, EVID evidential
  110. EVIT evitative case (= aversive case)
  111. EX, EXCL exclusive person
  112. EXCLAM exclamative
  113. EX.DUR excessive duration
  114. EXESS exessive case
  115. EXH exhortative
  116. EXIST existential ('there is')
  117. EXO exocentric case
  118. EXP, EXPER experiential, eyewitness, = direct evidential
  119. EXPL expletive (dummy / meaningless form)
  120. F, FEM feminine gender
  121. FACT factive evidential
  122. FAM familiar register (as the T–V distinction)
  123. FIN finite verb
  124. FOC focus
  125. FORM formal register (as the T–V distinction)
  126. FP final particle (joshi)
  127. FR, FREQ frequentative aspect
  128. FMR former, deceased
  129. FUT future tense
  130. G gender (G4 = the 4th gender)
  131. GEN genitive case
  132. GER gerund
  133. GNO gnomic (generic) aspect
  134. GT goal trigger (Austronesian; = GV goal voice)
  135. HAB habitual aspect
  136. HBL humble register
  137. HEST hesternal tense ('yesterday')
  138. HIST historic(al), as in historical present or past historic tense
  139. HOD hodiernal tense ('today')
  140. HON honorific
  141. HORT hortative
  142. HSY hearsay, reported evidential
  143. HUM human, anthropic gender (cf. HBL; R)
  144. HYP hypothetical mood
  145. I inflected
  146. ID identical (~ NID)
  147. IDENTIF identifiable
  148. IDEO ideophone (≈ MIM)
  149. IGNOR ignorative
  150. ILL illative case ('into')
  151. IMM immediate, as in immediate imperative mood, near future tense
  152. IMP imperative mood
  153. IMPERF imperfect (= PST.IPFV)
  154. IMPR, IMPREC imprecative mood
  155. IMPRS impersonal verb
  156. IN, INCL inclusive person
  157. INAL inalienable possession
  158. INAN inanimate gender
  159. INCH, INCHO, INCEP inchoative aspect, inceptive aspect
  160. IND indicative mood
  161. INDF, NDEF indefinite
  162. INE inessive case ('in')
  163. INF infinitive
  164. INFER, INFR inferential mood
  165. INEL inelative case ('from within')
  166. INS, INSTR instrumental case
  167. INT intensifier; interrogative (= Q)
  168. INTEN intentional
  169. INTR, NTR intransitive (covers an intransitive case for the S argument)
  170. INV inverse
  171. IO indirect object
  172. IPFV imperfective aspect (= NPFV)
  173. IRR irrealis mood
  174. IS indirect speech
  175. ITER iterative aspect
  176. JUS jussive mood
  177. -L (used to form various -lative cases)
  178. L2 second language (code-switching)
  179. LAT lative case (= MVMT, direction)
  180. LD locative case + directional
  181. LK linking element, interfix
  182. LOC locative case (includes essive case)
  183. LOG logophoric
  184. M, MASC masculine gender
  185. MAN manner
  186. MID middle voice
  187. MIM mimetic (≈ IDEO)
  188. MIR (ad)mirative
  189. MLT, MLTP multiplicative case
  190. MOD mood, modal, modal case
  191. MOM single action verb (not iterative)
  192. MVT movement
  193. N, NEUT neuter gender
  194. N- non- (e.g. NSG non-singular, NPST non-past, NF non-feminine)
  195. NEG negation, negative
  196. NF non-finite (nonfinite verb, non-finite clause) or non-feminine
  197. NH non-human
  198. NMZ, NZ, NOMI nominalizer/nominalization
  199. NOM nominative case
  200. NS non-subject (see oblique case)
  201. NTR, INTR intransitive (covers an intransitive case for the S argument)
  202. NUM numeral
  203. O patient-like argument (object) of canonical transitive verb (= P)
  204. OBJ, OB object; objective case
  205. OBL oblique case
  206. OBV obviative
  207. OPT optative mood
  208. P patient-like argument of canonical transitive verb (= O)
  209. P pre-, post- (P.HOD prehodiernal)
  210. PART participle (= PTCP,PCP); particle (= PTCL); partitive case (= PTV)
  211. PAS, PASS passive voice
  212. PAT patientive (= UND)
  213. PA, PAU paucal number
  214. PEG pegative case (a special case for the giver)
  215. PER perlative case ('per', using)
  216. PERF, PRF perfect (= RET)
  217. PERS personal
  218. PFV perfective aspect
  219. PL plural
  220. PLU, PLUR pluractional
  221. PM phrase marker, predicate marker
  222. PN, PRO pronoun
  223. PO primary object
  224. POL polite register
  225. POS, POSS possessive marker
  226. POST postposition, postpositional case
  227. POSTE postessive case ('after')
  228. POSTEL postelative case
  229. POT potential mood
  230. PP past / passive participle
  231. PPFV past perfective
  232. PPP past passive participle
  233. PR proper noun
  234. PREC precative mood (requests)
  235. PRED predicate, predicative
  236. PREP preposition, prepositional case
  237. PRESP present participle
  238. PRET, PRT preterite (= PFV.PST)
  239. PRF, PERF perfect (= RET)
  240. PRIV privative case
  241. PRS, PRES present tense
  242. PROB probability
  243. PROG progressive aspect
  244. PROH prohibitive mood ('don't!')
  245. PROL prolative case (= VIA)
  246. PROP propositive mood
  247. PROS prosecutive case ('across', 'along')
  248. PROSP, PRSP prospective aspect
  249. PROT protasis
  250. PROX proximal demonstrative; proximate
  251. PST past tense
  252. PT patient trigger
  253. PTCL, PTC particle
  254. PTCP, PCP participle
  255. PTV partitive case ('some of')
  256. PURP purposive case
  257. Q question word or particle (= INT)
  258. QUOT quotative (quotative case or quotative mood)
  259. R rational gender (thinking beings)
  260. REAL realis mood
  261. REC recent past tense
  262. RECP reciprocal voice
  263. REF, RFR referential
  264. REFL reflexive (reflexive pronoun, reflexive voice)
  265. REL relative(izer)
  266. REM remote past tense
  267. REP reported evidential (= HSY); repetitive (cf ITER)
  268. RES resultative; resumptive
  269. RET Retrospective (synonym for 'perfect' in some traditions)
  270. ROOT root
  271. S single argument of canonical intransitive verb (cf CIT)
  272. SBJ, SUB subject
  273. SBJV, SJV subjunctive mood
  274. SE same event (cf SS)
  275. SEM semelfactive aspect ('once')
  276. SENS sensory evidential mood (= VIS+AUD)
  277. SEQ sequential
  278. SG singular (but 1.SG = 1s, 3MASC.SG = 3ms)
  279. SGV singulative number
  280. SIM simultaneous aspect; similative
  281. SPEC specifier; speculative mood
  282. SS same-subject marker (cf SE)
  283. STAT, STV stative aspect, stative verb
  284. STEM stem
  285. SUB, SU subject
  286. SUBR, SUBORD, SBRD, SR subordinator
  287. SUBE subessive case ('under')
  288. SUBL sublative case ('onto', 'down onto')
  289. SUC successive ('then')
  290. SUP(L) superlative (SUPL); supine; supplicative
  291. SUPE superessive case ('on')
  292. -T trigger (used for AT, PT)
  293. TAM tense, aspect, or mood
  294. TEL telic aspect (cf PFV)
  295. TEMP temporal case
  296. TERM terminative case
  297. TNS tense
  298. TOP topic
  299. TR, TRANS transitive verb, transitive case (rare)
  300. TRANSL translative case (becoming)
  301. TRI trial number
  302. TRN trans-numeral (neither SG nor PL)
  303. TVF truth-value focus
  304. U uninflected
  305. UH motion uphill, inland (cf UR)
  306. UND undergoer role (cf PAT)
  307. UR motion upriver (cf UH)
  308. USIT usitative, for usual, customary or typical events
  309. V, VB verb or verbal
  310. VBZ verbalizer
  311. VD verb, ditransitive
  312. VEN venitive (coming towards; cf andative)
  313. VER veridical, veridical mood (a certain conditional)
  314. VIA vialis case
  315. VIS visible, visual
  316. VI verb, intransitive
  317. VN verbal noun
  318. VOC vocative case
  319. VOL volitive mood
  320. VT verb, transitive
  321. WH.Q wh- question
  322. -Z -(al)izer (e.g. TRZ transitivizer)
  323. ZO zoic gender (animals)