Abbreviations

1. A agent-like argument of canonical transitive verb
2. AB abstract
3. ABE abessive case (AKA caritive case or privative case: 'without')
4. ABL ablative case ('from')
5. ABS absolutive case
6. ACC accusative case
7. ACCOM accompanier
8. ACT active voice, actor role (in role and reference grammar)
9. ADJ adjective
10. ADE adessive case ('at'; more specific than LOC)
11. ADM admonitive mood (warning)
12. ADV adverb(ial), adverbial case
13. AFF affirmative
14. AG, AGT agentive case (cf ACT)
15. AGR agreement
16. ALL allative case ('to')
17. AL, ALLOC allocutive agreement
18. ALIEN alienable possession
19. AN animate gender (cf R)
20. AND andative ('going towards', cf venitive)
21. ANT anterior tense (used for PRF in some traditions)
22. ANTE antessive case ('before')
23. ANTIC anticausative
24. ANTIP, AP antipassive voice
25. AOR aorist (= PFV or PST.PFV)
26. APP apposition
27. APL, APPL applicative voice
28. APPR apprehensive mood
29. APRX approximative
30. ART article
31. ASP aspect
32. ASS associative case (= COM), assumptive mood, assertive mood
33. AT agent trigger (= AV agent voice)
34. ATT attenuative
35. ATTR attributive
36. AUD auditory evidential
37. AUG augmentative
38. AUX auxiliary verb
39. B benefactive (when it is a core argument)
40. BE 'be' verb (a conflation of EXIST and COP)
41. BEN benefactive case ('for')
42. C common gender; complementizer
43. CAP (cap)ability, modal case
44. CAU, CAUS causative
45. CENT centric case
46. CF counterfactual conditional
47. CIRC circumfix
48. CIT citation form
49. CL, CLF classifier
50. CMPD compound
51. CNJ conjunction (= CONJ)
52. CNSQ consequential mood
53. CNTR contrastive
54. COL collective number
55. COM comitative case ('together with')
56. COMP comparative; complementizer
57. COMPL, CPL completive aspect
58. CON concrete
59. CONC concessive
60. COND conditional mood
61. CONJ conjunction (= CNJ)
62. CONN connective particle
63. CONT, CTN continuous aspect; continuative aspect
64. COP copula
65. COR coreference
66. CRAS crastinal tense ('tomorrow')
67. CRS current relevance marker (as in the perfect)
68. CVB converb
69. D core dative case
70. DAT dative case
71. DE different event, change of event (cf DS)
72. DEC, DECL declarative mood
73. DEF definite
74. DEI, DEIX deixis, deictic
75. DEL delayed imperative (a command to do s.t. later)
76. DEL delative case ('off of'), deliberative mood
77. DEM demonstrative
78. DEO deontic mood
79. DEP dependent (as in DEP.FUT)
80. DER derivation, derivational
81. DES, DESI desiderative mood
82. DEST destinative aspect
83. DET determiner
84. DETR detransitive
85. DH motion downhill, seaward (cf DR)
86. DIM diminutive
87. DIR direct evidential (= EXP); directional (= LAT); direct case
88. DISJ disjunction
89. DIST distal demonstrative
90. DISTR distributive case
91. DITR ditransitive
92. DLM delimited
93. DM discourse marker
94. DO direct object
95. DR motion downriver (cf DH)
96. DS different-subject (change of subject) marker (cf DE)
97. DU dual number
98. DUB dubitative mood
99. DUR durative aspect, continuous aspect
100. DY, DYAD dyadic
101. DYN dynamic aspect
102. E epenthetic morpheme
103. -E (used to form various -essive cases)
104. ELA elative case ('out of')
105. EMP emphatic
106. EPIS epistemic mood or modality
107. ERG ergative case
108. ESS essive case
109. EV, EVID evidential
110. EVIT evitative case (= aversive case)
111. EX, EXCL exclusive person
112. EXCLAM exclamative
113. EX.DUR excessive duration
114. EXESS exessive case
115. EXH exhortative
116. EXIST existential ('there is')
117. EXO exocentric case
118. EXP, EXPER experiential, eyewitness, = direct evidential
119. EXPL expletive (dummy / meaningless form)
120. F, FEM feminine gender
121. FACT factive evidential
122. FAM familiar register (as the T–V distinction)
123. FIN finite verb
124. FOC focus
125. FORM formal register (as the T–V distinction)
126. FP final particle (joshi)
127. FR, FREQ frequentative aspect
128. FMR former, deceased
129. FUT future tense
130. G gender (G4 = the 4th gender)
131. GEN genitive case
132. GER gerund
133. GNO gnomic (generic) aspect
134. GT goal trigger (Austronesian; = GV goal voice)
135. HAB habitual aspect
136. HBL humble register
137. HEST hesternal tense ('yesterday')
138. HIST historic(al), as in historical present or past historic tense
139. HOD hodiernal tense ('today')
140. HON honorific
141. HORT hortative
142. HSY hearsay, reported evidential
143. HUM human, anthropic gender (cf. HBL; R)
144. HYP hypothetical mood
145. I inflected
146. ID identical (~ NID)
147. IDENTIF identifiable
148. IDEO ideophone (≈ MIM)
149. IGNOR ignorative
150. ILL illative case ('into')
151. IMM immediate, as in immediate imperative mood, near future tense
152. IMP imperative mood
153. IMPERF imperfect (= PST.IPFV)
154. IMPR, IMPREC imprecative mood
155. IMPRS impersonal verb
156. IN, INCL inclusive person
157. INAL inalienable possession
158. INAN inanimate gender
159. INCH, INCHO, INCEP inchoative aspect, inceptive aspect
160. IND indicative mood
161. INDF, NDEF indefinite
162. INE inessive case ('in')
163. INF infinitive
164. INFER, INFR inferential mood
165. INEL inelative case ('from within')
166. INS, INSTR instrumental case
167. INT intensifier; interrogative (= Q)
168. INTEN intentional
169. INTR, NTR intransitive (covers an intransitive case for the S argument)
170. INV inverse
171. IO indirect object
172. IPFV imperfective aspect (= NPFV)
173. IRR irrealis mood
174. IS indirect speech
175. ITER iterative aspect
176. JUS jussive mood
177. -L (used to form various -lative cases)
178. L2 second language (code-switching)
179. LAT lative case (= MVMT, direction)
180. LD locative case + directional
181. LK linking element, interfix
182. LOC locative case (includes essive case)
183. LOG logophoric
184. M, MASC masculine gender
185. MAN manner
186. MID middle voice
187. MIM mimetic (≈ IDEO)
188. MIR (ad)mirative
189. MLT, MLTP multiplicative case
190. MOD mood, modal, modal case
191. MOM single action verb (not iterative)
192. MVT movement
193. N, NEUT neuter gender
194. N- non- (e.g. NSG non-singular, NPST non-past, NF non-feminine)
195. NEG negation, negative
196. NF non-finite (nonfinite verb, non-finite clause) or non-feminine
197. NH non-human
198. NMZ, NZ, NOMI nominalizer/nominalization
199. NOM nominative case
200. NS non-subject (see oblique case)
201. NTR, INTR intransitive (covers an intransitive case for the S argument)
202. NUM numeral
203. O patient-like argument (object) of canonical transitive verb (= P)
204. OBJ, OB object; objective case
205. OBL oblique case
206. OBV obviative
207. OPT optative mood
208. P patient-like argument of canonical transitive verb (= O)
209. P pre-, post- (P.HOD prehodiernal)
210. PART participle (= PTCP,PCP); particle (= PTCL); partitive case (= PTV)
211. PAS, PASS passive voice
212. PAT patientive (= UND)
213. PA, PAU paucal number
214. PEG pegative case (a special case for the giver)
215. PER perlative case ('per', using)
216. PERF, PRF perfect (= RET)
217. PERS personal
218. PFV perfective aspect
219. PL plural
220. PLU, PLUR pluractional
221. PM phrase marker, predicate marker
222. PN, PRO pronoun
223. PO primary object
224. POL polite register
225. POS, POSS possessive marker
226. POST postposition, postpositional case
227. POSTE postessive case ('after')
228. POSTEL postelative case
229. POT potential mood
230. PP past / passive participle
231. PPFV past perfective
232. PPP past passive participle
233. PR proper noun
234. PREC precative mood (requests)
235. PRED predicate, predicative
236. PREP preposition, prepositional case
237. PRESP present participle
238. PRET, PRT preterite (= PFV.PST)
239. PRF, PERF perfect (= RET)
240. PRIV privative case
241. PRS, PRES present tense
242. PROB probability
243. PROG progressive aspect
244. PROH prohibitive mood ('don't!')
245. PROL prolative case (= VIA)
246. PROP propositive mood
247. PROS prosecutive case ('across', 'along')
248. PROSP, PRSP prospective aspect
249. PROT protasis
250. PROX proximal demonstrative; proximate
251. PST past tense
252. PT patient trigger
253. PTCL, PTC particle
254. PTCP, PCP participle
255. PTV partitive case ('some of')
256. PURP purposive case
257. Q question word or particle (= INT)
258. QUOT quotative (quotative case or quotative mood)
259. R rational gender (thinking beings)
260. REAL realis mood
261. REC recent past tense
262. RECP reciprocal voice
263. REF, RFR referential
264. REFL reflexive (reflexive pronoun, reflexive voice)
265. REL relative(izer)
266. REM remote past tense
267. REP reported evidential (= HSY); repetitive (cf ITER)
268. RES resultative; resumptive
269. RET Retrospective (synonym for 'perfect' in some traditions)
270. ROOT root
271. S single argument of canonical intransitive verb (cf CIT)
272. SBJ, SUB subject
273. SBJV, SJV subjunctive mood
274. SE same event (cf SS)
275. SEM semelfactive aspect ('once')
276. SENS sensory evidential mood (= VIS+AUD)
277. SEQ sequential
278. SG singular (but 1.SG = 1s, 3MASC.SG = 3ms)
279. SGV singulative number
280. SIM simultaneous aspect; similative
281. SPEC specifier; speculative mood
282. SS same-subject marker (cf SE)
283. STAT, STV stative aspect, stative verb
284. STEM stem
285. SUB, SU subject
286. SUBR, SUBORD, SBRD, SR subordinator
287. SUBE subessive case ('under')
288. SUBL sublative case ('onto', 'down onto')
289. SUC successive ('then')
290. SUP(L) superlative (SUPL); supine; supplicative
291. SUPE superessive case ('on')
292. -T trigger (used for AT, PT)
293. TAM tense, aspect, or mood
294. TEL telic aspect (cf PFV)
295. TEMP temporal case
296. TERM terminative case
297. TNS tense
298. TOP topic
299. TR, TRANS transitive verb, transitive case (rare)
300. TRANSL translative case (becoming)
301. TRI trial number
302. TRN trans-numeral (neither SG nor PL)
303. TVF truth-value focus
304. U uninflected
305. UH motion uphill, inland (cf UR)
306. UND undergoer role (cf PAT)
307. UR motion upriver (cf UH)
308. USIT usitative, for usual, customary or typical events
309. V, VB verb or verbal
310. VBZ verbalizer
311. VD verb, ditransitive
312. VEN venitive (coming towards; cf andative)
313. VER veridical, veridical mood (a certain conditional)
314. VIA vialis case
315. VIS visible, visual
316. VI verb, intransitive
317. VN verbal noun
318. VOC vocative case
319. VOL volitive mood
320. VT verb, transitive
321. WH.Q wh- question
322. -Z -(al)izer (e.g. TRZ transitivizer)
323. ZO zoic gender (animals)