DRIVING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION PROCEDURE
Note: An evaluation form is filled by the assessor for each driver during and after the completion of the on-road trial. The first part includes the driving tasks elements checked in the on-road trial, the assessors planned instructions and directional assistance in sequence. In the second part observations systematization takes place in various driving skills; this part is completed after the trial to allow the elaboration of field data for the next phase of performance variables configuration and ranking.
DRIVING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION PROCEDURE
A. TRIAL ROUTE
Informing the driver
Ψ A short and general description of the route will be given to the driver before the beginning of the ride. Drivers will be asked to drive on the Attiki Odos freeway, enter and exit the freeway several times at specific locations, and to fill in a questionnaire regarding their perceptions related to route elements and their own driving performance.
Trial starts with driving in an urban area up to the Y3 entrance to the Attiki Odos freeway. After the completion of freeway driving, drivers exit at Y3 and drive again in an urban section. Trial ends at the point it has begun.
1. Entering traffic (0΄)
Traffic check
Use of direction indicator
Safe reaction
Yield priority
Safe gap
Speed (acceleration, adaptation)
Steering control
2. Driving in an urban area
Probing drivers perceptions of other vehicles and pedestrians approaching drivers path from the side.
Attention to, and perception of, other road users presence
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles, pedestrians, parked cars
Speed (speed limit, traffic)
Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Directional assistance from the assessor
Probing drivers knowledge that the green colour of the directional sign background indicates an imminent entrance to Attiki Odos freeway
Knowledge of new signs
Checks of traffic and signal
Compliance to signal
Deceleration (in time, smooth, vehicle in gears)
Lane use
Distance from other road users
Positioning
Safe reaction
Not undue delay
Probing drivers perception and recognition of the warning signs indicating speed limit 30 km/h, humps and a school crosswalk sign
Perception of signs, awareness of potential hazards, knowledge of new (with yellow retro-reflective background) warning signs
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles, pedestrians
Speed (speed limit, traffic)
Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Lane use
Perception and knowledge of signing
Speed (speed limit, traffic)
Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Use of lights in the tunnel
7. Entering Attiki Odos freeway at Υ3 (Dimokritos) (8΄)
Directional assistance from the assessor seems to be necessary: due to the need of early lane change in the tunnel and high-speed traffic, the elderly driver would face a demanding situation.
After entrance, directional assistance from the assessor in the lane choice-direction Elefsina (and not to the Airport).
Understanding and following instructions
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles
Use of direction indicator
Distance from the vehicle in front
Acceleration
Yield priority
Safe gap -Distance from other road users
Smooth steering
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation
Lane choice according to instructions
Probing drivers perception and recognition of the speed limit electronic sign
Perception of signs, awareness of potential hazards, knowledge of the new speed limit electronic sign
Traffic check
Safe reaction to traffic
Speed (speed limit, traffic)
Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Use of lights in the tunnels
9. Driving on the Attiki odos freeway [Section: Υ3 (Dimokritos) - K12 (Pentelis Av.)]
Approaching K12 (Pentelis Av..) directional assistance in lane choice: direction ELEFSINA.
Understanding and following instructions
Just after passing K 12 (Pentelis Av..), assessor asks the driver to exit the Attiki Odos freeway at K11 (Kifissias Av.), and assures that he has understood the location of the exit.
We will exit at K11. As you probably know K11 is the Kifissias Avenue Interchange. After exiting we will re-enter the Attiki Odos at K11, direction to ELEFSINA.
Understanding, remembering and following instructions (check point: Exit at K11)
Instruction Exit-a
Traffic check
Safe reaction to traffic
Speed (speed limit, traffic)
Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Use of lights in the tunnels
Lane choice according to instructions
Probing drivers perception and recognition of the entrance markings at a merging point
Perception and knowledge of markings
Assessor reminds the driver to exit at K11 (Kifissias Av.), if necessary (at time specified by the conditions).
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles
Use of direction indicator
Recognition of markings
Compliance with markings
Distance from the vehicle in front
Acceleration
Yield priority
Safe gap -Distance from other road users
Smooth steering
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation
Traffic check
Safe reaction to traffic
Speed (speed limit, traffic)
Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Use of lights in the tunnels
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles
Use of direction indicator
Speed
Safe gap - distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation
13. Exiting at K11 (Kifissias Av.) (12΄)
Check Exit-a
Lane choice to exit
Traffic check
Use of direction indicator
Safe reaction
Speed adaptation
Safe gap -Distance from the other road users
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation on exit ramp
Smooth steering
Directional assistance from the assessor
Please enter and keep the right lane of the roundabout, direction to Attiki Odos and ELEFSINA
Understanding and following instructions
Checks of traffic and signal
Compliance to signal
Deceleration (in time, smooth, vehicle in gears)
Distance from other road users
Lane use
Positioning
Safe reaction
Not undue delay
Lane choice according to instructions
15. Approaching / Leaving tolls
Lane use
16. Entering the Attiki Odos freeway at K11 (Kifissias Av.) (15΄)
After entering, assessor asks the driver to exit the Attiki Odos at K8 (Athinon-Lamias) and assures that driver has understood the location of the exit.
We will exit at K8. As you probably know, K8 is the Athinon-Lamias Interchange. After exiting we will follow direction to Lamia up to the interchange of Lykovrissi.
Understanding, remembering and following instructions (check point: Exit at K8 following direction Lamia)
Instruction Exit-b with direction choice
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles
Use of direction indicator
Distance from the vehicle in front
Acceleration
Yield priority
Safe gap -Distance from other road users
Smooth steering
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation
17. Driving on Attiki Odos freeway [Section: K11(Kifissias Av.) K8 (Athinon-Lamias)]
Assessor reminds the driver to exit Attiki Odos at K8 (Athinon -Lamias), if necessary (at time specified by the conditions).
Traffic check
Safe reaction to traffic
Speed (speed limit, traffic)
Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Use of lights in the tunnels
18. Lane changes (on the drivers choice) on Attiki Odos freeway [Section: K11(Kifissias Av.) K8 (Athinon-Lamias)]
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles
Use of direction indicator
Speed
Safe gap -Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation
19. Exiting at K8 (Athinon-Lamias) (18΄)
Check Exit-b (with the correct lane choice of direction to Lamia)
If necessary, assessor reminds the driver to follow direction Lamia
After exiting change and while driving on the ramp, assessor asks the driver to drive on the freeway Athinon-Lamias to Lamia up to the Lykovryssi Interchange. The full instruction to be given is:
Please drive on the freeway Athinon-Lamias to Lamia up to the Lykovryssi Interchange. As soon as you spot the relevant direction sign, please mention it
Understanding, remembering and following instructions- Perception of signs
Instruction Exit-c- spotting direction sign
Lane choice to exit
Traffic check
Use of direction indicator
Safe reaction
Speed adaptation
Safe gap -Distance from the other road users
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation on exit ramp
Smooth steering
Correct lane choice for direction
20. Merging on Athinon-Lamias freeway entrance ramp
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles
Use of direction indicator
Distance from the vehicle in front
Yield priority
Safe gap -Distance from other road users
Smooth steering
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation
21. Entering Athinon-Lamias freeway (direction Lamia)
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles
Use of direction indicator
Distance from the vehicle in front
Acceleration
Yield priority
Safe gap -Distance from other road users
Smooth steering
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation
22. Driving on Athinon-Lamias freeway
Check Exit-c- spotting direction sign
As soon as the driver refers the imminent exit (he perceives/spots the relevant sign) assessor asks the driver After the exit to Lykovryssi, please make two consecutive left turns
Instruction Two consecutive driving maneuvers - a
Assessor reminds the driver to exit to Lykovryssi, if necessary (at time specified by the conditions).
Traffic check
Safe reaction to traffic
Speed (speed limit, traffic)
Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Use of lights in the tunnels
23. Lane changes (on the drivers choice) on Athinon-Lamias freeway
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles
Use of direction indicator
Speed
Safe gap -Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation
24. Exiting Athinon- Lamias freeway at Lykovryssi Interchange
Lane choice to exit
Traffic check
Use of direction indicator
Safe reaction
Speed adaptation
Safe gap -Distance from the other road users
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation on exit ramp
Smooth steering
25. Two consecutive left turns at uncontrolled intersections
Two left turns in short sequence at uncontrolled intersections (with stop signs) on the secondary road of the interchange
Retaining and following both directions
Check Two consecutive driving maneuvers -a on the secondary road of the interchange
Traffic check
Lane use
Safe reaction
Compliance to signal
Use of direction indicator
Deceleration (in time, smooth, vehicle in gears)
Distance from the vehicle in front
Stopping
Use of direction indicator
Complete stop
Distance from the stop line-positioning
Traffic check
Yield priority
Lane use
Not undue delay
Turning
Traffic check
Steering control
Not stopping without reason
Lane use during turn
Lane use ending turn
Speed (appropriate acceleration)
Shifting gears avoidance
Vehicle control during turn
Traffic check
Lane use
Safe reaction
Use of direction indicator
Deceleration (in time, smooth, vehicle in gears)
Distance from the vehicle in front
Stopping
Complete stop
Distance from the stop line- positioning
Traffic check
Yield priority
Lane use
Not undue delay
Turning
Traffic check
Steering control
Not stopping without reason
Lane use during turn
Lane use ending turn
Speed (appropriate acceleration)
Shifting gears avoidance
Vehicle control during turn
26. Entering Athinon-Lamias freeway (direction Athina)
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles
Use of direction indicator
Distance from the vehicle in front
Acceleration
Yield priority
Safe gap -Distance from other road users
Smooth steering
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation
27. Driving on Athinon-Lamias freeway
Traffic check
Safe reaction to traffic
Speed (speed limit, traffic)
Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Use of lights in the tunnels
28. Lane changes (on the drivers choice) on Athinon-Lamias freeway
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles
Use of direction indicator
Speed
Safe gap -Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation
29. Exiting Athinon-Lamias at K8 Interchange of Attiki Odos- Direction Elefsina
Directional assistance is given, if necessary.
Lane choice to exit
Traffic check
Use of direction indicator
Safe reaction
Speed adaptation
Safe gap -Distance from the other road users
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation on exit ramp
Smooth steering
Lane use
30. Entering Attiki Odos at K8 (Athinon-Lamias) (25΄)
After entering, assessor asks the driver to exit Attiki Odos at K6 ( Filis Av.).
We will exit at K6, following the direction to Athens driving back through the Attiki Odos freeway. As you probably know, K6 is the Filis Av. Assessor assures that driver has understood the location of the exit
Understanding, remembering and following instructions
Instruction Exit-d
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles
Use of direction indicator
Distance from the vehicle in front
Acceleration
Yield priority
Safe gap -Distance from other road users
Smooth steering
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation
31. Driving on Attiki Odos freeway [Section: K8 (Athinon-Lamias) K6(Filis Av.)]
If necessary, assessor reminds the driver to exit at K6 (Filis Av.), (at time specified by the conditions).
Traffic check
Safe reaction to traffic
Speed (speed limit, traffic)
Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Use of lights in the tunnels
32. Lane changes (on the drivers choice) on Attiki Odos freeway [Section: K8 (Athinon-Lamias) K6 (Filis Av.)]
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles
Use of direction indicator
Speed
Safe gap -Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation
33. Exiting Attiki Odos at K6 (Filis Av.) (28΄)
Check Exit-d
At the next traffic lights, please make two consecutive left turns, following direction to Athens through the Attiki Odos freeway
Instruction Two consecutive driving maneuvers - b
Lane choice to exit
Traffic check
Use of direction indicator
Safe reaction
Speed adaptation
Safe gap -Distance from the other road users
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation on exit ramp
Smooth steering
34. Two consecutive left turns at signal controlled intersections
Two left turns in short sequence at signal controlled intersections on the secondary road of the interchange
Retaining and following both directions
Check Two consecutive driving maneuvers-b (on the secondary road of the interchange
Checks of traffic and signal
Lane use
Safe reaction
Compliance to signal
Use of direction indicator
Deceleration (in time, smooth, vehicle in gears)
Distance from the vehicle in front
Stopping
Use of direction indicator
Complete stop
Distance from the vehicle in front or the stop line-positioning
Traffic check
Lane use
Not undue delay
Turning
Traffic check
Steering control
Not stopping without reason
Lane use during turn
Lane use ending turn
Speed (appropriate acceleration)
Shifting gears avoidance
Vehicle control during turn
Checks of traffic and signal
Lane use
Safe reaction
Compliance to signal
Use of direction indicator
Deceleration (in time, smooth, vehicle in gears)
Distance from the vehicle in front
Stopping
Use of direction indicator
Complete stop
Distance from the vehicle in front or the stop line-positioning
Traffic check
Lane use
Not undue delay
Turning
Traffic check
Steering control
Not stopping without reason
Lane use during turn
Lane use ending turn
Speed (appropriate acceleration)
Shifting gears avoidance
Vehicle control during turn
35. Entering Attiki Odos freeway at K6 (Filis Av.), direction Imittos Ring (30΄)
After entering, assessor asks the driver to exit Attiki Odos at K13 (D. Plakentias). He assures that driver has understood the location of the exit:
We will exit Attiki Odos at K13. As you probably know, K13 is D. Plakentias Interchange. We will follow direction to Imittos Ring
Understanding, remembering and following instructions
Instruction Exit-e
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles
Use of direction indicator
Distance from the vehicle in front
Acceleration
Yield priority
Safe gap -Distance from other road users
Smooth steering
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation
36. Driving on Attiki Odos freeway- Section with tunnels [Section: K6 (Filis Av.) K13 (D. Plakentias) ] -
If necessary assessor reminds the driver to exit at 13 (D. Plakentias) direction to Imittos Ring, before the tunnel (tunnel entrance at 500m before the exit)
Traffic check
Safe reaction to traffic
Speed (speed limit, traffic)
Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Use of lights in the tunnels
37. Lane changes (on the drivers choice) on Attiki Odos freeway [Section: K6 (Filis Av.) K13 (D. Plakentias)]
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles
Use of direction indicator
Speed
Safe gap -Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation
38. Exiting Attiki Odos freeway at K13 (D. Plakentias) in the tunnel (38΄)
Check Exit-e
Directional assistance from the assessor due to the demanding situation: Exit in a tunnel (driver has to select the appropriate lane in the tunnel and then find the appropriate path, having to make two lane choices in short sequence):
Please keep the left deceleration lane, direction to Imittos Ring
Understanding and following instructions
Lane choice according to instructions
Traffic check
Use of direction indicator
Safe reaction
Speed adaptation
Safe gap -Distance from the other road users
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation on exit ramp
Smooth steering
39. Driving on Attiki Odos freeway [Section: K13 (D. Plakentias S) - Y3 (Dimokritos)]
Assessor asks the driver to exit at Y3, and assures that driver has understood the location of the exit:
We will exit Imittos Ring at Y3. At Y3 (Dimokritos) we started our ride on the freeway
Understanding, remembering and following instructions
Instruction Exit-f
Traffic check
Safe reaction to traffic
Speed (speed limit, traffic)
Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Use of lights in the tunnels
40. Lane changes (on the drivers choice) on Attiki Odos freeway [Section K13 (D. Plakentias) - Y3 (Dimokritos)]
Traffic check
Safe reaction to other vehicles
Use of direction indicator
Speed
Safe gap -Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation
41. Exiting Attiki Odos freeway at Y3 (Dimokritos) (41΄)
Check Exit-f
Lane choice to exit
Traffic check
Use of direction indicator
Safe reaction
Speed adaptation
Safe gap -Distance from the other road users
Position on the lane
Speed adaptation on exit ramp
Smooth steering
42. Driving on ramp exit Y3 partly in a tunnel
After entering in the urban area, assessor asks the driver to make two consecutive driving maneuvers in the urban area: At the next corner, please make a left turn, then at the first corner, make a right turn
Instruction Two consecutive driving maneuvers - c
Traffic check
Safe reaction to traffic
Speed (speed limit, traffic)
Distance from other road users
Position on the lane
Use of lights in the tunnels
43. Two consecutive driving maneuvers
Two turns in short sequence
Retaining and following both directions
Check Two consecutive driving maneuvers -c
Traffic check
Lane use
Safe reaction
Compliance to signal
Use of direction indicator
Deceleration (in time, smooth, vehicle in gears)
Distance from the vehicle in front
Stopping
Use of direction indicator
Complete stop
Distance from the stop line-positioning
Traffic check
Yield priority
Lane use
Not undue delay
Turning
Traffic check
Steering control
Not stopping without reason
Lane use during turn
Lane use ending turn
Speed (appropriate acceleration)
Shifting gears avoidance
Vehicle control during turn
Traffic check
Lane use
Safe reaction
Use of direction indicator
Deceleration (in time, smooth, vehicle in gears)
Distance from the vehicle in front
Stopping
Complete stop
Distance from the stop line-positioning
Traffic check
Yield priority
Lane use
Not undue delay
Turning
Traffic check
Steering control
Not stopping without reason
Lane use during turn
Lane use ending turn
Speed (appropriate acceleration)
Shifting gears avoidance
Vehicle control during turn
44. Driving in an urban area END OF THE DRIVE
Critical errors
In case of a critical error the trial is terminated
Β. EVALUATION OF DRIVERS PERFORMANCE
Assessor gives instructions to the drivers to find exits on Attiki Odos freeway. Drivers performance in finding the particular exits on A.O. freeway is taken into consideration in the assessment. Additionally, scheduled guidance providing directional assistance (e.g. in lane choice) to the drivers necessary for safety is given at particular locations of the Attiki Odos. Directional assistance is also possible on Athinon-Lamias freeway and the urban sections in order to follow the predetermined route. Repetition of scheduled guidance on the A.O. freeway is taken into consideration in the assessment of performance.
1. Interventions
2. Understands, remembers and follows instructions in general
3. Cooperation with the assessor
4. Remembers and follows instructions regarding exiting freeway.
Exit-a (K11):
Exit b with direction Lamia (K8):
Exit c - with localization of directional freeway sign LYKOVRISSI without numbering of the interchanges)
Exit d (K6):
Exit e (K13):
Exit f (Y3):
5. Capability to perform two consecutive driving maneuvers
Two consecutive maneuvers a (LYKOVRISSI Interchange):
Two consecutive maneuvers b (ATTIKI ODOS K6 Interchange):
Two consecutive maneuvers c (urban area):
6. Speed
a. Driving style in urban areas
b. Driving style on the freeway
c. Adaptation of speed to the circumstances (e.g. other traffic, alignment, visibility, type of area, turns)
d. Speed control when decelerating and accelerating
e. Stopping
f. Maximum speed (on freeway segments)
g. Non compliance to speed limit
7. Car following distance
a. Following driving style in urban areas
b. Following driving style on freeway
c. Adaptation of the following distance to variations of speed of the vehicle in front
d. Following distance behind motorized two-wheelers
e. Following distance behind trucks
8. Lateral position on the road
a. Average lateral position on the driving lane
b. Lane choice for turning
c. Lane use during turn- Cutting curves
d. Lane use ending turn
e. Lane choice for exiting freeway
f. Lane choice for driving on the freeway in relation to speed
g. Straddling
9. Visual behaviour (head end eye movements, use of mirrors)
10. Communication with other drivers (eye contact, use of direction indicator, reaction to signals)
11. Traffic signals and traffic signs
a. Visual search for signs
b. Perception of vertical signs (warning signs, information signs, speed limit, use of headlights in the tunnels)
c. Perception of entrance markings
d. Knowledge of new warning signs
e. Knowledge of freeway signing (directional signs, speed limit electronic signs, headlights in tunnels, entrance markings)
f. Compliance to signs and signals
Reactions to traffic lights
Reactions to signs
Yielding
g. Zebra crossings
12. Knowledge and application of other traffic rules
a. Seatbelt use
b. Driving on the emergency lane paved shoulder
c. Direction indicator
d. Use of mirrors
e. Traffic checks
f. Other
13. Attention and perception focused on traffic environment (no distraction)
14. Recognition / awareness of potentially hazardous elements
15. Adequate judgments, defensive and anticipatory behaviour
16. Driving at intersections
a. Speed
b. Checks
c. Positioning
d. Yielding
e. Gaps
17. Efficient and smooth use of car controls
18. Avoidance of lane changing and passing other vehicles
19. Influence by the presence of the assessor (probable clear indications)
20. Transient states (e.g. emotional state, stress, fatigue)
C. EVALUATION OF DRIVERS PERFORMANCE ON THE FREEWAY
Entering freeway
Exiting freeway
Merging onto freeway entrance ramps
Driving on freeway exit ramps
Lane use on freeway
Lane changing
Tolls
Driving in tunnels
o Speed
o Lane use
o Headlights
o Following distance
Use of the emergency lane paved shoulder
Knowledge of emergency lane paved shoulder operation
Knowledge of freeway signing: background colour, electronic signs (e.g. speed limit), entrance markings
D. COMPENSATORY BEHAVIOUR
E. DRIVING BEHAVIOUR CHARACTERISTICS
Risk taking
Competitiveness
Aggression
Tolerance
F. DRIVERS CHARACTERISTICS
Age
Fitness
Sociability
Other skills
G. COMMENTS
E.g. Difficulties in performing simultaneous actions, workload avoidance, concentration, undue delays, hesitancy, etc..